毛竹材积主要构件因子关系研究及材积表编制

通过毛竹立竹材积构件因子及立竹胸径与立竹实际材积的关系研究,结果表明:立竹全高、胸高竹壁厚与立竹胸径呈显著的正相关,是立竹胸径的从属因子;竹秆相对高度竹壁厚与秆径呈一致性变化趋势,立竹径级与竹秆相对壁厚无相关;构建了立竹胸径与立竹实际材积的数学模型:V=0.007351-0.001875D+0.000291D2,编制出竹林林分结构易测因子立竹胸径的对应材积表。     

外齿轮式高压油泵全齿面润滑的理论分析

为探究困油压力和异齿数对外齿轮式高压油泵全齿面润滑的影响,基于齿轮传动的几何关系,将全啮合齿面分成3个啮合区、8个位置点和7个过程,并以主动齿轮的啮合曲率半径为变量,建立了全齿面的啮合力公式和基于弹流润滑理论的膜厚公式,并对最小膜厚和最大啮合力发生的位置作出准确的判断。实例的研究表明：啮合力的变动很大,全齿面润滑总体上属于刚性一变粘度的边界润滑;不同啮合点可能会采用不同的膜厚公式;异齿数能缓解啮合力的波动和改善齿面润滑状态,但效果不明显。由此得出外齿轮式高压油泵的齿面润滑确实有别于常规的齿轮传动,因而不能直接应用现有的计算公式。     

Impacts of urbanization on topsoil nutrient balances—a case study at a provincial scale from Fujian,China

With increasing urbanization, the demands for high quality agricultural products induced changes in local cropping patterns. Although grain production still occupied a large portion in sown and planted areas, the share of sown areas declined from 67% to 44% for total grain crops, and 54% to 35% for rice between 1989 and 2002 in Fujian province. The change in crop spectrum and land use by urbanization has resulted in two extreme trends in topsoil — nutrient depletion in grain-dominated regions and nutrient overload in city suburbs. The positive correlation between nitrogen balance and local urban population in some years showed that urbanization affected nutrient balance in topsoil. The rapid changes in land use and crop spectrum caused by urbanization therefore created a challenge to the traditional soil nutrient management derived mainly from paddy fields and an urgent need for new management schemes in the province. The study provides valuable insights into nutrient management and soil sustainability in the context of rapid urbanization and population growth in Fujian.     

固始鹅蛋壳质量性状分析

试验旨在分析固始鹅的蛋壳质量性状，为品种资源普查提供素材。在农户散放饲养的鹅中随机收集56枚鹅蛋，对鹅蛋的蛋壳重占总蛋重的比例和不同部位蛋壳厚度进行测定。结果表明，蛋壳重占总蛋重的比例平均为12.32%；平均蛋壳厚度为0.517 mm，大多数鹅蛋的蛋壳锐端厚度比钝端和中间高。     

Strong heritability across years and sites for pod wall proportion and specific weight in Lupinus albus and genotypic correlation with other pod and seed attributes

Thinner pod walls might contribute to increased yield potential and adaptation of lupins. Fourteen autumn‐sown genotypes of Lupinus albus L. were evaluated over 2 years at four sites in southern Chile. Pod wall proportion (PWP), pod wall specific weight (WSW) and five other pod‐related characters were measured to estimate their genetic variation, heritability across years and sites, and genotypic and phenotypic correlations among the characters. Ranges for PWP and pod WSW were 22.9−43.1% and 16.4−37.4 mg/cm², respectively. PWP in cultivated L. albus was similar to that reported in L. angustifolius; however, specific weight was substantially lower. Highly significant genotypic effects were found for both characters. Broad sense heritabilities were high for PWP (0.63) and moderate for pod WSW (0.46). These characters were significantly correlated, more so genotypically (r_g = 0.67) than phenotypically (r_ph = 0.36). Selection for low PWP should lead to lower pod wall thickness or density, both of which contribute to pod WSW. Nevertheless, selection for pod WSW could achieve further reductions, particularly if practised among low PWP materials.     

微热管阵列平板太阳能集热器中空保温层厚度优化

为分析微热管阵列平板太阳能集热器的热性能,该文建立了集热器的CFD模型,对其进行数值模拟,将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性。采用该CFD模型对集热器保温层厚度进行优化,结果表明,当实心保温层导热系数分别为0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05W/(m·K)时,优化的实心保温层厚度分别为4.5、5.0、5.5、5.5cm。合理设计的中空保温层(空气层与实心保温层相结合的保温层形式)集热器能够达到与实心保温层集热器相当的保温隔热效果,同时可使集热器保温层成本及质量降低25%~50%。最后,该文给出了保温层总厚度分别为4、5、6cm时的中空保温层厚度优化结果,为该类集热器保温层的设计提供了理论依据。     

围护结构特性对微型冷库降温性能影响的研究

围护结构对微型冷库造价及性能有着重要的影响。通过有限生命周期内微型冷库经济性能的分析，推导了微型冷库在使用年限不同时的经济保温层厚度计算公式。并在此基础上分析了围护结构的变化对微型冷库降温性能的影响，结果表明降温性能与围护结构的参数具有紧密的联系，而与库体容积的关系最小。     

Spatial variability of O layer thickness and humus forms under different pine beech–forest transformation stages in NE Germany

Spatial variability of humus layer (O layer) thicknesses can have important impacts upon soil water dynamics, nutrient storage and availability, as well as plant growth. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the impact of forest‐transformation practices on the spatial variability of O layer thicknesses. The study focused on the Kahlenberg forest area (NE Germany) with stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) of different age structures that form a transformation chronosequence from pure Scots pine stands towards pure European beech stands. Topsoil profiles including both, the O layer and the uppermost humic mineral soil horizon were excavated at intervals of 0.4 m along 15–20 m long transects, and spatial variability of O layer thicknesses was quantified by variogram analysis. The correlation lengths of total O layer thickness increased in the sequence consisting of pure pine stand (3.1 m) → older mixed stand (3.7 m) → pure beech stand (4.5 m), with the exception of the younger mixed stand, for which no correlation lengths of total O layer thickness could be determined. The degree of spatial correlation, i.e., the percentage of the total variance which can be described by variograms, was highest for the two monospecies stands, whereas this percentage was distinctly lower for the two mixed stands. A similar minimum for the two mixed stands was observed for the correlation lengths of the Oh horizon. These results suggest that the spatial structures of forest‐transformation stands may be interpreted in terms of a disturbance (in the form of the underplanting of beech trees). After this disturbance, the forest ecosystem requires at least 100 y to again reach relative equilibrium. These findings are in line with the results of other soil‐related investigations at these sites.     

海河低平原盐渍涝洼区表层土壤积盐影响因素通径分析

采用通径分析方法研究海河低平原盐渍涝洼区表层土壤积盐因素的主次关系结果表明 ,地下水埋深2～ 3m、表层土壤全盐量≤ 5 0g/kg、地表高差≤ 6 6cm地段 ,表层土壤盐渍度主要受心土层盐分状况和微地形因素支配 ,而 6个间接作用中亚表土层全盐量通过心土层全盐量对表层土壤盐分累积的作用最大。     

RECREATING SMALL SEAMLESS TUBE MILLS BY PIERCING INSFEAD OF ROLLING

This paper discuss the effects of automatic plug mills in small seamless tube mills. Far from traditional ideas,the auther comes rp with mew ideas, which adot the mew process of replacing rolling by piercing,a huge sum of economical interests and great social benefits will be gained.